Washers are essential parts of any threaded fastener assembly. While they may seem simple and unnecessary, they play a vital role in the functioning of various mechanical hardware. Here, we’ll briefly discuss the purpose of washers in different applications.
Load Distribution
Load distribution is the primary purpose of washers. When joining two surfaces using threaded fasteners, the pressure from the tightening process concentrates on a small area. It can cause damage or deformation to both parts. It could easily break through the surface if tightened too much in materials such as wood or plastic.
Adding a washer between the fastener and the surface spreads this pressure evenly across a larger surface area. As a result, it reduces stress on the material and prevents damage. This load distribution is especially crucial in applications where the material may be fragile or prone to cracking.
Vibration Absorption
Fasteners such as nuts and bolts can gradually become loose when subjected to vibrations. This loosening can lead to potential hazards in machinery or structures. Washers act as a cushion between the nut/bolt and the surface, absorbing some of the vibrations.
Such types of washers are known as vibration isolating or vibration damping washers. Usually, they are not made of metal. Instead, manufacturers use softer materials like rubber, plastic, and urethane. These materials have excellent shock-absorbing properties and prevent fasteners from loosening
Spacing
Washers can also act as spacers between the fastener and the surface. But why would you need a spacer when driving a threaded fastener through an object? One common reason is to fill the space left when a longer bolt drives through an object with less depth. For instance, if you have a 4-inch screw going through a 3 inches deep surface, you can fill the remaining 1 inch with a washer.
Another use of spacer washers is to prevent electrical conductivity between the fastener and metal surfaces. Using insulated washers helps avoid short circuits in applications with electricity.
Liquid Protection
Washers can also prevent water from entering a fastener assembly. These types of washers are known as sealing washers. They have a soft material like rubber exterior that forms a waterproof seal when compressed between the fastener and the surface. Sealing washers are common in plumbing applications, where preventing leakage is essential.
Looking For High-Quality Washers?
Different types of washers serve various purposes in mechanical assemblies. As you plan for your net project, remember to work with a reputable washer manufacturer that knows what they are doing.
At Minneapolis Washer and Stamping, we provide high-quality washers for commercial and industrial applications. You can browse our extensive catalog and contact us for a quote.
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